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How theatres can increase secondary spend

Turning interval dwell time into reliable income – hospitality, merchandise and the audience journey.

The interval is your busiest trading hour

Audiences arrive expecting to spend. They have dressed up, set aside the evening, and come ready for a treat. Yet most theatres capture a fraction of the spend that is on offer – not because audiences are unwilling, but because the experience is not designed to earn it.

Secondary spend is not about pushing harder. It is about removing friction and making spending feel like part of the night.

Map the audience journey

Start before the show. When do doors open? Where does the audience go first? How long is the interval? Where do they exit? Every one of these moments is a chance to earn spend – and most are under-designed.

Pre-show: arrival and drinks

Audiences who arrive early want a drink and a place to settle. The bar should be easy to find, quick to serve and pleasant to sit in. Pre-ordering for the interval at the point of first purchase is one of the highest-leverage changes a theatre can make.

The interval: the golden 15 minutes

The interval is the single biggest income moment in most theatres – and the most stressed. Long queues kill spend. The fix is capacity: more points of service, pre-poured drinks, mobile ordering and a food offer that is fast to hand over. Every second saved in the queue is income earned.

Merchandise at the exit, not the corner

Merchandise works when it is visible at the moment the audience is most engaged – after the show. Place it on the exit route, link it to the production, and make it easy to buy without a detour.

Hospitality that feels like a treat

Premium hospitality – better seats, a private bar, a pre-show dinner – is a meaningful income stream for venues that design it well. It does not need to be grand; it needs to feel special and be easy to book.

Pricing with integrity

Audiences will pay a premium in a theatre, but only if the value feels fair. A £6 glass of wine in a beautiful room is fine; a £6 warm white in a plastic cup at a chaotic bar is not. Price to the experience you are delivering.

Train the front of house team

Front of house are the salespeople of the venue. A team that is confident, friendly and trained to upsell gently will earn more than any signage change. Volunteers in particular need the confidence and the script to make the ask.

The principle

The audience is already here, already in the mood and already willing to spend. The job is to design the evening so that spending feels like part of the experience – not an interruption to it.

By the numbers

UK theatre in 2025–26.

Key performance indicators across the UK theatre industry — West End and regional admissions, box office revenue, capital investment and economic impact — sourced from SOLT, UK Theatre, Arts Council England and the Audience Agency.

17.1m

West End admissions 2024 — record year, up from 16.4m in 2023

SOLT (Society of London Theatre)

£894m

West End box office revenue 2024 (+10% on 2023's £815m)

SOLT

£76

Average West End ticket price 2024 (up from £70 in 2023)

SOLT

16.4m

Regional UK Theatre attendances (pre-pandemic benchmark ~16m)

UK Theatre

£1.5bn

Government capital investment in cultural organisations

SOLT & UK Theatre / DCMS

£425m

Creative Foundations Fund — ~300 capital projects in arts venues

Arts Council England

1 in 5

Theatre venues needing £5m+ capital investment over next decade

SOLT & UK Theatre research

40%

Venues at risk of closure without capital investment

SOLT & UK Theatre research

£2.4bn

Theatre sector gross value added to the UK economy

Arts Council England / SOLT

300k+

Jobs supported by UK theatre and performing arts

Arts Council England

×1.40

Local economic multiplier — every £1 ticket generates £1.40 locally

SOLT & UK Theatre

62%

Theatre audiences aged under 55 — younger demographic than pre-2020

SOLT Audience Agency

In practice

Theatre in action — where audiences, artistry and economic impact meet.

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